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объяснительные модели в синтаксисе
Грамматика маори 1862 года:
As a New Zealander is generally unequal to a train of consecutive thought, so also is his language inadequate to exhibit with accuracy the various processes of the civilized intellect, such as comparing, abstracting, &c., or indeed any ideas beyond the simple and monotonous details of his daily life.<...>
The process by which a New Zealander constructs his sentences, is very similar to that of a child who is just beginning to speak. For example: if the latter wishes to express, “Is that a horse?” “Give me some bread,” he will, most probably, say “a horse that?” “me bread.” He has the ideas of himself and bread, and, by pronouncing the one in immediate succession after the other, attempts to convey the idea of their mutual connexion. So also will Maori, when it wishes to express the dependence of two or more ideas on each other, place them in close connexion, as distinct existences, and leave the hearer to deduce their in tended relations. From hence it may, a priori, be collected. 1st. That Maori inclines to the substantive form. 2ndly, That it will have a peculiar tendency to the indicative mode of statement. 3rdly. That it delights in short sentences. 4thly. That it will often, in consequence of the frequent occurrence of ellipses, present constructions which will appear strange to the student of only polished languages, and even occasionally seem to defy analysis. 5thly, That the clauses of the sentence, will, like its words, be often thrown together without any connecting particles, and that we shall often notice in their construction a frequent occurrence of epanorthosis.
As a New Zealander is generally unequal to a train of consecutive thought, so also is his language inadequate to exhibit with accuracy the various processes of the civilized intellect, such as comparing, abstracting, &c., or indeed any ideas beyond the simple and monotonous details of his daily life.<...>
The process by which a New Zealander constructs his sentences, is very similar to that of a child who is just beginning to speak. For example: if the latter wishes to express, “Is that a horse?” “Give me some bread,” he will, most probably, say “a horse that?” “me bread.” He has the ideas of himself and bread, and, by pronouncing the one in immediate succession after the other, attempts to convey the idea of their mutual connexion. So also will Maori, when it wishes to express the dependence of two or more ideas on each other, place them in close connexion, as distinct existences, and leave the hearer to deduce their in tended relations. From hence it may, a priori, be collected. 1st. That Maori inclines to the substantive form. 2ndly, That it will have a peculiar tendency to the indicative mode of statement. 3rdly. That it delights in short sentences. 4thly. That it will often, in consequence of the frequent occurrence of ellipses, present constructions which will appear strange to the student of only polished languages, and even occasionally seem to defy analysis. 5thly, That the clauses of the sentence, will, like its words, be often thrown together without any connecting particles, and that we shall often notice in their construction a frequent occurrence of epanorthosis.
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теперь понятно, почему родственные маори диалекты Чатама (мориори) вымерли: они их съели просто
http://books.google.com/books?id=XJQijWZ_JIgC&pg=PA80&dq=Jared+Diamond+maori&hl=ru&cd=6#v=onepage&q=Jared%20Diamond%20maori&f=false
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Если надо, могу послать ссылку на всю книгу (на русском или английском)
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англ - http://zhurnal.lib.ru/g/gg/oruzhie.shtml
рус - http://evolbiol.ru/large_files/diamond.doc (но за перевод не ручаюсь)
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<...>He says that he was having serious doubts by 1982, and had lost all faith by 1985 after having spent a year at MIT.<...>
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Может он просто не слышал каких-то флексий или падежей в словах? А то вон в русском так и говорят "мне хлеба" или "то лошадь" Или например "Я инженер". Благодаря падежу понятно, что не "я инженера" или "я инженеру". И не нужно никакого глагола "для обозначения связи.
Надо перепроверять этих "австралийских ученых", а все новозеландские так вообще больше относится к Толкиену.
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это детство науки, сейчас уже давно никто так не считает
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насчёт Вежбицкой в общем тоже
но насчёт разнообразия языков с тех пор накоплены всё-таки некоторые знания
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One branch of the education of youth in which they begin to receive instruction at an early age, and in which, on their arriving at manhood, they are adepts, requires to be noticed—this is maminga. The word includes in its meaning all kinds of deceit, from the simple covert joke to the most artful simulation. So common is the practice of this vice by persons of all ages, that a variety of well-known forms of addressing persons deceitfully are in vogue, which will be sure to impose on strangers who are not up to their ways.
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Though ignorant of writing before their intercourse with Europeans, to excel in their native language appears to have been one of their chief objects of ambition. As public speakers they are generally remarkably fluent, and display both force and elegance of expression. They also possess a certain taste for poetical composition, and have a numerous collection of proverbs handed down from remote periods. (shortland'1856)
Other Polynesians are skilled in this nursery art, especially the Maoris of New Zealand, who call it maui from the name of their national hero, by whom, according to their tradition, it was invented; it's various patterns represent canoes, houses, people, and even episodes in Maui's life, such as his fishing up New Zealand from the bottom of the sea. In fact, they have their pictorial history in cat's-cradle, and whatever their tradition may be worth, they stand good to show that the game of the time of their forefathers, not lately picked up from the Europeans. (tylor'1879)